What is the main characteristic of insulators?

Insulators are materials specifically designed to prevent the flow of electric current, which is why the main characteristic of insulators is their inability to conduct electricity. Unlike conductive materials, which allow electric current to flow easily due to their free electrons, insulators have tightly bound electrons that do not move freely. This property is essential in electrical applications, as insulators ensure that electricity only flows through intended pathways, such as wires and circuits, thereby preventing accidental shocks or short circuits.

The inability to conduct electricity also relates closely to a material's resistance. Insulators typically exhibit very high resistance, which effectively stops the flow of electrical current. This high resistance is why they are commonly used in various applications, such as coating electrical wires, insulating equipment, and ensuring safety in power distribution systems. By maintaining an effective barrier against electrical flow, insulators play a crucial role in electrical safety and functionality.